Dinesh Sharma | Agriculture | Best Innovation Award

Dr Dinesh Sharma |  Agriculture |  Best Innovation Award

Associate Professor at  Manipal University Jaipur,  India

Dr. Dinesh Sharma is an accomplished Associate Professor in Data Science and Engineering at Manipal University Jaipur. With over 14 years of experience in technical and engineering education, he has contributed extensively to academia, research, and software development. His expertise spans artificial intelligence, precision agriculture, and wireless sensor networks.

 

Publication Profile

🎓 Academic Qualifications:

  • Ph.D. in Computer Science & Engineering – Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun (2021)
  • M.E. in Computer Science & Engineering – R.G.P.V., Bhopal (2007)
  • B.E. in Computer Science & Engineering – R.G.P.V., Bhopal (2006)
  • C-DAC Certification in Software Development – ACTS, Pune (2007)

💼 Professional Experience:

  • Associate Professor at Manipal University Jaipur (Aug 2023 – Present)
  • Assistant Professor at Amity University, Madhya Pradesh (2015 – 2023)
  • Assistant Professor at IMS Unison University, Dehradun (2013 – 2015)
  • Head of Department & Assistant Professor at Amardeep College of Engineering, Agra (2012 – 2013)
  • Guest Lecturer at Rustamji Institute of Technology, Gwalior (2008 – 2010)
  • Software Designer & Developer (Freelancer) at D-Sys Data Solution, Gwalior (2008 – 2012)

📚 Research & Innovations:

  • Published multiple patents, including systems for intelligent animal welfare, waste composting, and assistive devices for the visually impaired.
  • Authored research papers on AI applications in agriculture and soil monitoring.
  • Contributed book chapters on enterprise service buses and data mining in agriculture.
  • Current research interests include AI in cybersecurity, precision agriculture, and energy-efficient wireless networks.

🏆 Achievements & Skills:

  • Proficient in C#, ASP.Net, PHP, Java, and Android app development.
  • Coordinated academic initiatives, including KPI management, coding clubs, and entrepreneurship cells.
  • Extensive experience in organizing and attending FDPs and workshops on cutting-edge technologies and pedagogy.

Publication Top Note:

  • A New Energy-Efficient Multitier Deterministic Energy-Efficient Clustering Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
    Symmetry, 12(5), 837, 2020.
  • Energy-Efficient Multitier Random DEC Routing Protocols for WSN in Agriculture
    Wireless Personal Communication, 2021.
  • Factors Affecting E-Waste Management: An Interpretive Structural Modeling Approach
    2015 Fifth International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies, 2015.
  • Comparative Energy Evaluation of LEACH Protocol for Monitoring Soil Parameters in Wireless Sensor Networks
    Materials Today: Proceedings, 29, 381-396, 2020.
  • Enhanced PEGASIS Algorithm for Increasing the Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks
    Materials Today: Proceedings, 29, 372-380, 2020.
  • Face Mask Detection Analysis for COVID-19 Using CNN and Deep Learning
    2022 IEEE 11th International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies, 2022.
  • Comparative Analysis of Skin Cancer Detection Using Classification Algorithms
    2023 IEEE 15th International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks, 2023.
  • Prognosis for Crop Yield Production by Data Mining Techniques in Agriculture
    Applications of Image Processing and Soft Computing Systems in Agriculture, 2019.
  • A Survey on Energy-Efficient Hierarchical-Based Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks
    International Journal of Wireless and Mobile Communication for Industrial and Systems Engineering, 2019.
  • A Role of Enterprise Service Bus in Building Web Services
    Exploring Enterprise Service Bus in the Service-Oriented Architecture Paradigm, 2017.
  • A New Approach for Wireless Communication Security Protocol by Using Mutual Authentication
    Advanced Computing, 3(3), 31, 2012.
  • Neural Network-Based Soil Parameters Predictive Coordination Algorithm for Energy-Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks
    Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 2024.
  • Deep Learning Approach to Analyse, Detect, and Classify COVID-19 Patients
    New Trends in Mathematical Science, 1, 2021.
  • Effect of Contention Windows Size in Binary Exponential Backoff Algorithm
    2015 Second International Conference on Advances in Computing and Communication Engineering, 2015.
  • Energy-Efficient Clean and Green IT: Concepts and Approaches
    International Journal of Smart Home, 9(6), 65-70, 2015.
  • Soil Nutrient Analysis and Automatic Monitoring in Precision Agriculture
    Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 2024.
  • Identification of Personality Traits by Machine Learning Analysis of Signatures and Handwriting
    SN Computer Science, 5(5), 497, 2024.
  • Enhancing Feature Extraction in Plant Image Analysis through a Multilayer Hybrid DCNN
    International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications in Engineering, 2023.
  • Increasing Growth of Agriculture Using Efficient Wireless Sensor Network Systems
    (Details missing; please provide the publication venue and year for completion).

 

Arti Goel | Agriculture Nanotechnology | Women Researcher Award

Dr Arti Goel |  Agriculture Nanotechnology |  Women Researcher Award

Assistant Professor III at  Amity University, Noida,  India

Dr. Arti Goel is an Assistant Professor at the Amity Institute of Microbial Biotechnology since May 2011. She has expertise in microbial biotechnology and has contributed significantly to the field through research, teaching, and editorial roles. Dr. Goel has received various awards for her research contributions and has guided several Ph.D. candidates.

Publication profile:

Education:

  • Ph.D. in Microbiology, Mohan Lal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India (2008)
  • M.Sc. in Botany, Mohan Lal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India (2003, 70.3%)
  • B.Sc. in Chemistry, Botany, and Environmental Biology, Mohan Lal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India (2001, 72.6%)

Professional Experience:

Dr. Goel is currently an Assistant Professor at the Amity Institute of Microbial Biotechnology, where she has been since May 2011. She has served as a Program Coordinator for the Ph.D. in Microbial Biotechnology and is a member of several committees, including the DRC, SRC, and the Institutional Area Advisory Board. Previously, she worked as a Research Associate on a World Bank-funded project at CAZRI, Jodhpur, and has lectured at various universities.

Research Interests:

Her research primarily focuses on the biocontrol of fungal diseases through innovative approaches, including the use of biosynthesized metal nanoparticles.

Awards and Recognitions:

Dr. Goel has received multiple accolades, including the Best Researcher Award 2020 from VD Good International Scientists Awards, the International Teaching and Research Excellence Award in Nanobiotechnology 2021, and the Women Researcher Award 2022 from INSO Awards. She has served as an editor and regional editor for various scientific journals and has actively participated in international conferences.

Research Impact:

  • Citations: 599 (389 since 2019)
  • h-index: 12 (11 since 2019)
  • i10-index: 14 (11 since 2019)

 

Publication Top Notes:

  1. Effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria on the germination of Cicer arietinum seeds and seedling growth
    K Sharma, G Dak, A Agrawal, M Bhatnagar, R Sharma
    Journal of Herbal Medicine and Toxicology, 1 (1), 61-63, 2007.
    Citations: 192
  2. ZnO nanoparticles induced synthesis of polysaccharides and phosphatases by Aspergillus fungi
    JC Tarafdar, A Agrawal, R Raliya, P Kumar, U Burman, RK Kaul
    Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine, 4 (4), 324-328, 2012.
    Citations: 102
  3. Magnesium and iron nanoparticles production using microorganisms and various salts
    RK Kaul, P Kumar, U Burman, P Joshi, A Agrawal, R Raliya, JC Tarafdar
    Materials Science-Poland, 30, 254-258, 2012.
    Citations: 93
  4. Biocontrol potential of mycogenic copper oxide nanoparticles against Alternaria brassicae
    S Gaba, AK Rai, A Varma, R Prasad, A Goel
    Frontiers in Chemistry, 10, 966396, 2022.
    Citations: 22
  5. Mechanistic Insight of the Antifungal Potential of Green Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles against Alternaria brassicae
    S Dhiman, A Varma, R Prasad, A Goel
    Journal of Nanomaterials, 2022 (1), 7138843, 2022.
    Citations: 17
  6. Phytofabricated zinc oxide nanoparticles as a nanofungicide for management of Alternaria blight of Brassica
    S Dhiman, S Singh, A Varma, A Goel
    Biometals, 34, 1275-1293, 2021.
    Citations: 17
  7. Microbial enzymes with special reference to α-amylase
    TK Sahni, A Goel
    Bio Evol, 2, 19-25, 2015.
    Citations: 17
  8. Agricultural applications of nanotechnology
    A Goel
    J Biol Chem Res, 32, 260-266, 2015.
    Citations: 16
  9. Effect of Euphorbia pulcherrima leaf and inflorescence extract on various cytomorphological parameters of Aspergillus fumigatus
    A Goel, K Sharma
    International Journal of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 7 (9), 859-862, 2013.
    Citations: 16
  10. Plant extracts and phytochemicals as herbal medicines and antimicrobials
    A Goel, K Sharma
    International Journal of Biological and Medical Research, 5 (1), 3940-3946, 2014.
    Citations: 14
  11. Anticancerous potential of plant extracts and phytochemicals
    A Goel
    J. Biol. Chem. Research, 30 (2), 537-558, 2013.
    Citations: 14
  12. Deciphering the fertilizing and disease suppression potential of phytofabricated zinc oxide nanoparticles on Brassica juncea
    S Dhiman, A Varma, M Rao, R Prasad, A Goel
    Environmental Research, 231, 116276, 2023.
    Citations: 13
  13. Protective and curative activity of biogenic copper oxide nanoparticles against Alternaria blight disease in oilseed crops: a review
    S Gaba, A Varma, A Goel
    Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 129 (2), 215-229, 2022.
    Citations: 12
  14. Role of bacterial endophytes in the promotion of plant growth
    I Kohli, S Mohapatra, P Kumar, A Goel, A Varma, NC Joshi
    Bacterial Endophytes for Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Protection, 2022.
    Citations: 11
  15. Leveraging of mycogenic copper oxide nanostructures for disease management of Alternaria blight of Brassica juncea
    S Gaba, L Prasad, A Varma, AK Rai, R Prasad, A Goel
    Green Processing and Synthesis, 12 (1), 20230015, 2023.
    Citations: 8
  16. Trichoderma Mediated Metal Chelator and Its Role in Solanum melongena Growth Under Heavy Metals
    G Yadav, N Sharma, A Goel, A Varma, A Mishra, SL Kothari
    Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 43 (1), 178-200, 2024.
    Citations: 6
  17. Exploring the Impact of Bioformulated Copper Oxide Nanoparticles on Cytomorphology of Alternaria brassicicola
    S Gaba, A Varma, R Prasad, A Goel
    Current Microbiology, 79 (8), 244, 2022.
    Citations: 6
  18. Bio-nanosensors: Synthesis and Their Substantial Role in Agriculture
    S Dhiman, S Gaba, A Varma, A Goel
    Plant-Microbes-Engineered Nano-particles (PM-ENPs) Nexus in Agro-Ecosystems, 2021.
    Citations: 6
  19. Biofabricated nanoscale ZnO and their prospective in disease suppression and crop growth of Brassica species: A review
    S Dhiman, A Varma, A Goel
    Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 37, 102171, 2021.
    Citations: 3
  20. Impact of nanotechnology on environment
    A Goel
    Proceedings of the National Conference on Innovative Research in Agricultural, Food Sciences, Forestry, Horticulture, Aquaculture, and Animal Husbandry, 2015.
    Citations: 3

 

Mohamed Fathy Agina | Food Waste | Best Researcher Award

Assoc Prof Dr Mohamed Fathy Agina | Food Waste |  Best Researcher Award

Associate professor at  Higher institute for specific studies, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Beni-Suef University, Egypt

Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abd El Rahman Agina holds a BSc, MSc, and PhD, and is currently serving as a Delegated Associate Professor at the Hotel Management Department of Beni Suef University, Egypt. He is also the Head of the Hotel Management Department at the Higher Institute for Specific Studies, Future Academy, Cairo, Egypt. Additionally, he holds Associate Professor positions at Stardom University, Turkey, and Midocean University, UAE, conducting online courses.

Publication profile:

Current Positions:

  • Delegated Associate Professor, Hotel Management Department, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels Management, Beni Suef University, Egypt.
  • Associate Professor & Head of Hotel Management Department, Higher Institute for Specific Studies, Future Academy, Heliopolis, Cairo, Egypt (Ministry of Higher Education).
  • Associate Professor, Business Administration Department, Faculty of Business Administration, Stardom University, Turkey (Online).
  • Associate Professor, Faculty of Business, Midocean University, United Arab Emirates (Online).

Previous Academic Experience:

  • Assistant Professor, Hotel Management Department, Higher Institute for Specific Studies (2018–2023).
  • Assistant Lecturer, Hotel Management Department, Higher Institute for Specific Studies (2013–2017).
  • Demonstrator, Hotel Management Department, Higher Institute for Specific Studies (2011–2013).

Editorial & Professional Experience:

  • Editor in Chief of the Journal of Business Administration, Stardom University.
  • External Reviewer for various Q2 and Q1 journals, including:
    • Consumer Behavior in Hospitality and Tourism (Emerald)
    • Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism (Taylor & Francis)
    • International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration (Taylor & Francis)
    • Discover Sustainability (Springer)
  • Expert in online education, curriculum development, and management in hospitality-related fields.

Teaching Experience:

Courses taught include:

    • Introduction to Hospitality Industry
    • Front Office Management
    • Hotel Equipment
    • Food and Beverage Management
    • Hospitality Marketing
    • Principles of Marketing
    • Housekeeping Management
    • Information Systems for Hotels and Tourism
    • And more.

Certifications:

  • Human Resource Management Certificate, American University in Cairo (In Progress).
  • HACCP – American Hotel and Lodging Association (2009).
  • Front Office Workshop and Qualified Hospitality Manager courses from the Egyptian Tourism Federation.

Citations:

  • Total Citations: 147 (all citations occurred since 2019)
  • h-index: 8 (meaning the scholar has 8 papers with at least 8 citations each)
  • i10-index: 6 (indicating the scholar has 6 papers with at least 10 citations each)

Publication Top Notes:

  • The effect of electronic human resource management systems on sustainable competitive advantages: the roles of sustainable innovation and organizational agility
    K Alqarni, MF Agina, HA Khairy, BS Al-Romeedy, DA Farrag, …
    Sustainability, 2023
  • Internal branding in hotels: interaction effects of employee engagement, workplace friendship, and organizational citizenship behavior
    HA Khairy, MF Agina, N Aliane, ME Hashad
    Sustainability, 2023
  • How humble leadership affects voluntary green behavior and green performance? The roles of job autonomy and green supporting climate in hotels
    O Alsetoohy, MHA Al-Abyadh, ES Döngül, MF Agina, A Elshaer
    Problemy Ekorozwoju, 2022
  • Tackling food waste in all-inclusive resort hotels in Egypt
    AEA Elnasr, N Aliane, MF Agina
    Processes, 2021
  • Eco-innovation drivers and their impact on tourism and the hospitality business in Egypt
    M Ahmed, N Aliane, N Khababa, MYK Abdou, MF Agina
    Administrative Sciences, 2023
  • Perceived Environmental Corporate Social Responsibility Effect on Green Perceived Value and Green Attitude in Hospitality and Tourism Industry: The Mediating Role of…
    HA Khairy, Y Elzek, N Aliane, MF Agina
    Sustainability, 2023
  • The impact of organizational politics on employee turnover intentions in hotels and travel agencies in Egypt
    M Agina, H Abdelhakim
    Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality, 2021
  • Role of leader-member exchange and impression management in employee performance at hotels
    M Agina, MA Mohammed, A Omar
    Journal of the Faculty of Tourism and Hotels-University of Sadat City, 2017
  • How job insecurity affects innovative work behavior in the hospitality and tourism industry? The roles of knowledge hiding behavior and team anti-citizenship behavior
    N Aliane, BS Al-Romeedy, MF Agina, PAM Salah, RM Abdallah, …
    Sustainability, 2023
  • Presenteeism of restaurants employees: Interaction effects of responsible leadership, organizational commitment and turnover intentions
    M Agina, A Abuelnasr
    Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality, 2021

 

 

Donald Manigat | Crop | Best Researcher Award

Dr Donald Manigat |  Crop |  Best Researcher Award

Pesquisador at  Universidade Federal do Amapá – UNIFAP, Brazil

Dr. Donald Manigat holds a PhD in Entomology and a Bachelor’s degree in Agronomy. As a dedicated scientific researcher, his expertise spans insect bioecology, biological control, and plant resistance against arthropod pests. He specializes in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and Plant-Insect interactions. His ongoing research includes bioactive natural insecticides for Spodoptera frugiperda and past projects on detoxification in Plutella xylostella. Dr. Manigat collaborates with prominent institutions such as Embrapa and has published in journals like MDPI. His work contributes significantly to sustainable agricultural practices through ecological pest management.

Publication profile:

🎓 Academic and Professional Background:

Dr. Donald Manigat holds a Bachelor’s degree in Agronomy and a PhD in Entomology. He is a dedicated researcher with expertise in insect bioecology, biological control, resistant plants against arthropod pests, and plant-insect interaction. His work focuses on Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies to promote sustainable agriculture.

🔬 Research and Innovations:

  • 🐛 Ongoing: Identification and characterization of bioactive compounds in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).
  • 🦋 Completed: Research on the detoxification and immunity in Plutella xylostella.
  • 🌱 Completed: Ecological pest control using essential oil-based formulations and resistance management.

🏆 Contributions and Impact:

Dr. Manigat has made significant contributions to entomology, particularly in biological control and pest resistance management. His innovative research on natural insecticides and plant-insect interactions is vital to promoting sustainable agricultural practices. He collaborates with notable institutions such as Embrapa and CENTELHA-MCTI and has published in leading journals like MDPI.

🧪 Collaborations and Memberships:

Dr. Manigat collaborates with Revista Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira and Embrapa. He is also actively involved in scientific and industry projects related to vector control, water quality, and waste management.

Publication Top Notes:

  • Associational Resistance Using Wild and Commercial Tomato Genotypes Employed in the Management of Tomato Virus Vectors
    Agriculture, 2024-01-04 | Journal article
    DOI: 10.3390/agriculture14010098
    ISSN: 2077-0472
    Contributors: Donald Manigat, Karolayne Campos, Joyce S. dos Santos, Catiane Oliveira Souza, Jorge Braz Torres, Fabio Suinaga, Cristina S. Bastos
  • Post Marked Field Monitoring and Evolution of Occurrence of Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Bt Maize in Brazil
    13th International Symposium on the Biosafety of Genetically Modified Organisms (ISBGMO13), 2014-11-09 | Conference paper
    AGR: Knowledge Center Biotech Updates, March 19, 2014 Issue
    Contributors: Donald Manigat

 

Dharmendra Kumar Meena | Food Security and Nutrition | Best Researcher Award

Dharmendra Kumar Meena | Food Security and Nutrition | Best Researcher Award

Dr Dharmendra Kumar Meena, ICAR-CIFRI, India

Based on Dr. Dharmendra Kumar Meena’s impressive background and contributions, he appears to be a strong candidate for the “Best Researcher Award.”

Publication profile

Scopus

Academic and Professional Background

Dr. Meena is a Senior Scientist at ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute with a Ph.D. in Fish Nutrition and Feed Technology. His work in aquaculture, ecological engineering, and waste management has been groundbreaking. With over 80 international papers, 35 book chapters, and 50 popular articles, plus his roles in editing multiple books and manuals, his academic output is substantial. His numerous awards, including the Young Scientist Award, and global recognition underscore his impact in the field. 🌟📚

Research and Innovations

Dr. Meena’s extensive research projects, editorial appointments across high-impact journals, and collaborations with various sectors highlight his broad influence. His work on fish nutrigenomics, circular economy, and ecological engineering is cutting-edge. His dedication to advancing knowledge in these areas, combined with his leadership in multiple professional societies, makes him a standout candidate. 🌍🔬

Publications and Impact

His recent publications cover vital areas like fish masculinization, water quality dynamics, immunomodulatory effects of herbal treatments, and functional food development. These contributions demonstrate his ongoing commitment to addressing crucial issues in aquatic research and sustainability. 🐟📈

Research focus

Based on the provided articles, Meena D.K.’s research focus revolves around aquatic biology, fish physiology, and environmental science. His work explores various aspects of fish health and management, including the impact of aromatase inhibitors on fish masculinization, water quality dynamics, and immunomodulatory effects of natural substances in fish. Additionally, he investigates the antioxidant properties of sorghum and its potential in functional food development. Meena D.K.’s research contributes to enhancing fishery practices, improving fish health, and understanding environmental impacts on aquatic ecosystems. 🌊🐟📚🔬

Dr. Meena’s comprehensive expertise and significant achievements in his field make him a deserving nominee for this prestigious award.

Publication top notes

Seasonal Variations and Water Quality Dynamics:Analysis of Kanota Dam in Relation to WHO Standards

Terminalia arjuna Bark Powder as a Potential Immunomodulator in Labeo rohita: Enhanced Hematological, Adaptive, and Humoral Responses against Bacterial Pathogens and Concordant Liver Histomorphology

Unveiling the Antioxidant Arsenal of Colored Sorghum: A Path to Functional Food Development

Immunomodulatory effect of saponin treatment and microbial infections provoke the expression of Mx gene in catla (Labeo catla)

Ecosystem-based fishery enhancement through pen culture of Indian major carp Labeo catla in a tropical floodplain wetland of North Eastern Region, India, during COVID pandemic

Sewareg Demelash | Sustainable Food System | Best Researcher Award

Mrs. Sewareg Demelash | Sustainable Food System | Best Researcher Award

Mrs. Sewareg Demelash, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia

Mrs. Sewareg Adamu Demelash is a seasoned Ethiopian researcher and consultant with extensive experience in international trade policy, food systems sustainability, and social development. She holds a Master’s in International Trade Policy and Trade Law from Lund University and is currently a PhD student at Addis Ababa University. Sewareg has worked on various impactful projects, including drought resilience programs and social cash transfers, with notable organizations like the World Bank and UNICEF. Her publications focus on sustainable food systems and trade dynamics. Fluent in Amharic and English, she brings exceptional skills in research, consultancy, and project management. 📊🌍✍️

 

Publication Profile

Scopus

Education 🎓

PhD Student, Addis Ababa University

Masters in International Trade Policy and Trade Law, Lund University & TRAPCA

B.A. in Economics, Haramaya University

Experience 💼

Sewareg Adamu Demelash is an Ethiopian researcher with extensive experience in economic and policy consultancy. She has managed significant projects, including baseline surveys for various programs and consultancy roles for major organizations such as the World Bank and UNICEF. Sewareg has also contributed to academic research on sustainable food systems and development projects.

Professional Achievements 🏆

Sewareg has successfully led various projects, supported youth employment initiatives, and contributed to the development of technical proposals worth over $500,000. She has held key roles in different organizations, including Big Win Philanthropy and Frontieri Consult.

 

Research Focus

Sewareg Adamu Demelash’s research primarily focuses on sustainable food systems and economic policy. Her recent work includes examining the sustainability of food systems in Ethiopia from a multi-dimensional perspective and analyzing national performance in a global context. Her research contributes to understanding and improving food security, resilience, and policy frameworks in developing regions. This focus is crucial for developing strategies to enhance food system sustainability and address challenges related to economic development and environmental impact. Her expertise is instrumental in shaping policies for more resilient and sustainable agricultural systems. 🌍📈

 

Publication Top Notes

Measuring food system sustainability in Ethiopia: Towards a Multi-Dimensional perspective

Investigating the Dynamics and Trends of Sustainable Food Systems in Ethiopia: Characterizing the National Performance within the Global Context